A central intracellular signaling cascade that regulates cell growth, metabolism, survival, and protein synthesis. Activated by growth factors including IGF-1 and insulin. Many anabolic and growth-promoting peptides exert effects through this pathway. mTOR inhibition (e.g., by rapamycin) is a separate longevity research strategy.
"PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway" is filed under Signaling Pathways in the PeptideAtlas glossary, alongside 7 other terms in that group.
The term applies directly to 1 compound profile here: IGF-1 LR3 (evidence D). Each profile states the strength of the human evidence rather than only what the compound is claimed to do.
A protein complex that controls transcription of inflammatory genes. When activated, NF-κB drives production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several peptides (KPV, BPC-157, Thymosin Alpha-1) are studied for their ability to inhibit NF-κB, reducing inflammation.
A cellular energy sensor activated when ATP levels are low (e.g., during exercise or fasting). AMPK activation promotes glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy. AICAR (a nucleoside analog, not a peptide) activates AMPK indirectly via its intracellular metabolite ZMP; the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c also activates AMPK signaling.
A transcription factor activated by cAMP signaling that plays a key role in memory formation, neuronal survival, and neuroplasticity. Nootropic peptides like Semax and Dihexa are studied for their effects on CREB-dependent gene expression.
Compounds where this applies: IGF-1 LR3.
More Signaling Pathways terms: NF-κB (Nuclear Factor Kappa B), AMPK (AMP-Activated Protein Kinase), CREB (cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein), BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor), SNARE Complex, JAK/STAT Pathway, MAPK/ERK Pathway.