A chain of proteins (Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK) that transmits growth signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus, promoting cell division and differentiation. Relevant to tissue-repair peptides like BPC-157 and growth factors like IGF-1.
"MAPK/ERK Pathway" is filed under Signaling Pathways in the PeptideAtlas glossary, alongside 7 other terms in that group.
The term applies directly to 1 compound profile here: IGF-1 (evidence A). Each profile states the strength of the human evidence rather than only what the compound is claimed to do.
A protein complex that controls transcription of inflammatory genes. When activated, NF-κB drives production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several peptides (KPV, BPC-157, Thymosin Alpha-1) are studied for their ability to inhibit NF-κB, reducing inflammation.
A central intracellular signaling cascade that regulates cell growth, metabolism, survival, and protein synthesis. Activated by growth factors including IGF-1 and insulin. Many anabolic and growth-promoting peptides exert effects through this pathway. mTOR inhibition (e.g., by rapamycin) is a separate longevity research strategy.
A cellular energy sensor activated when ATP levels are low (e.g., during exercise or fasting). AMPK activation promotes glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy. AICAR (a nucleoside analog, not a peptide) activates AMPK indirectly via its intracellular metabolite ZMP; the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c also activates AMPK signaling.
Compounds where this applies: IGF-1.
More Signaling Pathways terms: NF-κB (Nuclear Factor Kappa B), PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway, AMPK (AMP-Activated Protein Kinase), CREB (cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein), BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor), SNARE Complex, JAK/STAT Pathway.