A degradation reaction where methionine, cysteine, or tryptophan residues in peptides react with oxygen. Exposure to light, air, or peroxides accelerates oxidation. Causes loss of potency.
"Oxidation" is filed under Storage & Stability in the PeptideAtlas glossary, alongside 5 other terms in that group.
The term applies directly to 10 compound profiles here: MOTS-c (evidence D), Retatrutide (evidence B), Survodutide (evidence B), Mazdutide (evidence C), Pemvidutide (evidence C), Cotadutide (evidence C), AICAR (evidence C), L-Carnitine (Injectable) (evidence B), and others. Each profile states the strength of the human evidence rather than only what the compound is claimed to do.
2 other glossary entries refer to this term in their own definition, which is usually the fastest way to see how it is used in practice.
A cellular energy sensor activated when ATP levels are low (e.g., during exercise or fasting). AMPK activation promotes glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy. AICAR (a nucleoside analog, not a peptide) activates AMPK indirectly via its intracellular metabolite ZMP; the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c also activates AMPK signaling.
A chemical compound resulting from the breakdown of a peptide through oxidation, deamidation, hydrolysis, or other processes. COAs report the percentage of degradation products to indicate product integrity.
A cycle of freezing and thawing a substance, which can damage peptide structure through ice crystal formation and aggregation. Multiple freeze-thaw cycles significantly degrade peptides; aliquoting prevents this.
The clumping together of peptide molecules, often caused by heat, agitation, or repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Aggregated peptides may lose potency and can trigger immune reactions if injected.
Compounds where this applies: MOTS-c, Retatrutide, Survodutide, Mazdutide, Pemvidutide, Cotadutide, AICAR, L-Carnitine (Injectable), SLU-PP-332, BAM-15.
Terms that reference this one: AMPK (AMP-Activated Protein Kinase), Degradation Product.
More Storage & Stability terms: Freeze-Thaw Cycle, Aggregation, Deamidation, Desiccant, Beyond-Use Date (BUD).